Multi-stage Model for Coordinated Planning of Transmission Network Containing Pumped Storage Plants and Distributed Sources
Although energy consumption is still increasing,peak load of supply system is decreasing due to relaxed regulation of power system,application of demand response programs,and development of microgrids and smart grids.As a public entity,transmission system operators must strengthen the transmission system to maintain reliability of power system.In view of this,the present work studied a novel bi-level model for coordinated planning of transmission network containing pumped storage plants and distributed sources.In the upper level,from the perspective of transmission system operator,the model minimizes investment of transmission lines and cost of purchasing electricity from conventional generators and distribution systems,while ensuring a given return on investment in distributed sources.The lower level simulates market clearing to find nodal prices,which are used to calculate profits of distributors and cost of purchasing electricity.The proposed model was transformed into a uni-level mixed-integer linear programming problem using strong duality techniques,big-M methods,and complementary slackness conditions.The model's effectiveness was verified in the IEEE RTS-24-bus test system.
transmission systemdistributed sourcesbi-level modelmixed-integer linear programming
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