Based on explaining the basic operating principles of atomic clocks,a comprehensive and systematic study was conducted to address the current problems of incomplete and non-specific research on time-domain frequency stability evaluation methods for atomic clocks,including Allan variance,overlapping Allan variance,modified Allan variance,time variance,Hadamard variance,overlapping Hadamard variance,total variance and theoretical variance #1. And eight evaluation methods were provided with standard formulas,describing the scope of application and summarizing the characteristics and rules. These eight methods were mainly used for example calculation and verification of an atomic clock in a certain laboratory. Based on the stability evaluation results of different types of atomic clocks,the evaluation effects of each method were analyzed,and the application characteristics,rules,and scopes of different evaluation methods were summarized. It was concluded that the Hadamard variance could obviously remove the influence of hydrogen clock frequency drift,and the modified Allan variance could better distinguish types of between phase-modulated white noise and phase-modulated flicker noise.
frequency stabilityAllan varianceHadamard variancetheoretical variance #1atomic clock
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