In order to further discuss the impact of antennas of different polarization modes on the altitude retrieval of low-cost receiver global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-interferometric reflectometry (IR),the paper conducted altitude retrievals using the Honor 60 smartphone,u-blox M8N GNSS module equipped with circularly polarized low-cost antennas,and the survey-grade receiver Hi-Target V90.Results showed that different antenna polarization modes would help exhibit distinct characteristics in the receiver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR),with the linearly polarized antenna showing a larger amplitude and range of SNR oscillation;moreover,both the smartphone and the low-cost receiver could demonstrate the capability for GNSS-IR altitude retrieval,with comparable or even superior accuracy compared to the survey-grade receiver;furthermore,among the three devices,the Honor 60 with a linearly polarized antenna would exhibit a larger usable altitude range,yield more retrieval results,and achieve the highest retrieval accuracy;in addition,for linearly polarized antennas,the retrieval accuracy varies with antenna orientations,with the highest accuracy observed when the antenna is horizontally placed.Therefore,selecting an appropriate receiver,antenna polarization mode and orientation could be crucial for balancing cost and retrieval accuracy in GNSS-IR altitude retrieval.
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