Research Status and Development Trend of Polar Under-ice Acoustic Positioning and Navigation Technology
Polar regions occupy a significant position in strategic,economic,and scientific research fields.Due to the unique natural environment of the polar areas,underwater vehicles have become key to human exploration and develop-ment of the poles.Affected by factors such as large-scale ice coverage and satellite denial,there are numerous challenges in the operation of underwater vehicles beneath the ice,with the primary issue being the acquisition of precise positional infor-mation of the vehicles.Sound waves are the only effective information carriers in the polar under-ice environment,and acoustic positioning and navigation technology is the main means for high-precision positioning and navigation of underwater vehicles.In this paper,the difficulties existing in the navigation tasks of polar under-ice vehicles are firstly analyzed,in-cluding the impact of high latitude effects,sustained low-temperature seawater,and large-scale ice coverage on the naviga-tion and positioning technology of underwater vehicles.Then,the navigation methods of polar under-ice vehicles are re-viewed and the current status and limitations of these methods in polar under-ice environments are analyzed.The research status of polar under-ice acoustic positioning and navigation technology is subsequently discussed,including main applica-tion cases and achieved performance outcomes both domestically and internationally.Finally,the challenges faced by polar under-ice acoustic positioning and navigation technology and its future development trends are summarized.
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