首页|A Fast Startup Crystal Oscillator with Digital SAR-AFC Based Two-Step Injection
A Fast Startup Crystal Oscillator with Digital SAR-AFC Based Two-Step Injection
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Crystal oscillators(XOs)provide a high-precision reference frequency but have a long startup time,which severely increases the average power consumption in duty-cycled systems.This paper proposes a fully-digital low-cost two-step injection technique,by using a successive approximation register(SAR)based auto frequency control(AFC)loop,to speed up the startup behavior of XOs.A theoretical analysis is carried out to determine the optimum injection time and design low-power XOs.Fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process,the proposed 12 MHz fast startup XO occupies an active area of 0.02 mm2 and achieves a startup time less than 35 μs.The XO power consumption in the steady state is 40 μW from a 1.0-V supply,with a startup energy of 17.2 nJ.
Crystal oscillatorTwo-step injectionSuccessive approximation registerAuto frequency controlFully-digitalFast startup
Bo ZHOU、Yifan LI、Zuhang WANG
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School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China
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