首页|Distributed Cell-Free Massive MIMO Versus Cellular Massive MIMO Under UE Hardware Impairments
Distributed Cell-Free Massive MIMO Versus Cellular Massive MIMO Under UE Hardware Impairments
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This paper first investigates and compares the uplink spectral efficiency(SE)of distributed cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output(mMIMO)and cellular mMIMO networks,both with user equipment(UE)hardware impairments.We derive a lower bound on the uplink ergodic channel capacity of the cellular mMIMO with UE hardware impairments,based on which we determine the optimal receive combining that maximizes the instanta-neous effective signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio.Then,a lower bound on the uplink capacity of a distributed cell-free mMIMO with UE hardware impairments is derived using the use-and-then-forget technique.On this basis,the optimum large-scale fading decoding vector is found using generalized Rayleigh entropy.By using three combining schemes of minimum mean-square error(MMSE),regularized zero-forcing(RZF),and maximum ratio,the uplink SEs of distributed cell-free mMIMO and cellular mMIMO networks are analyzed and compared.The results show that the two-layer decoding distributed cell-free mMIMO network with MMSE combining outperforms the cellular mMIMO network,and the advantage is more evident as the hardware impairment factor increases.Finally,the uplink energy efficiency(EE)of the distributed cell-free mMIMO networks is analyzed and evaluated through the established realis-tic power consumption model with hardware impairments.Simulation results show that two-layer decoding provides higher SE and EE than single-layer decoding.In addition,RZF achieves almost the same SE and EE as MMSE in a two-layer decoding architecture.
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