摘要
深海沉积矿产主要包括富钴结壳、多金属结核、富稀土沉积物等,其中前二者富含钴、镍、铜、稀土等关键金属元素,后者富含中重稀土元素,是可供未来开发的战略性矿产.结壳、结核、深海稀土分别赋存于海山、海盆表面和海底沉积物中,三者的成矿过程存在关联,海水在成矿过程中发挥了重要作用.钴、镍、铜、稀土等关键金属元素基本未形成独立矿物.以往工作多集中对三种矿产展开单独研究,限制了深海成矿过程的整体认识.本文通过梳理国内外学者对结壳、结核和深海稀土三种深海沉积矿产的空间分布、元素赋存状态、富集机制及控矿条件等方面的进展和存在问题,提出以地球系统科学思想为指导,聚焦成矿元素,开展多圈层相互作用下成矿元素的源-运-聚过程和山-盆体系下"结壳-结核-深海稀土"三者时空耦合机制研究,为深海成矿预测提供理论指导.
Abstract
Deep sea sedimentary mineral resources mainly include cobalt-rich crusts,polymetallic nodules and REEs-rich sediments,of which the former two are rich in cobalt,nickel,copper,rare earth elements(REEs)and other critical metal elements,and the latter is rich in medium and heavy REEs,which are potential strategic mineral resources in the future.Crusts,nodules,and REEs-rich sediments are distributed on the surface of seamounts,seabed and deep sea sediments respectively,and the mineralization processes are related,and sea water plays an important role in the mineralization process.The critical metals such as cobalt,nickel,copper and REEs haven't formed independent minerals.Previous studies mainly focus on the separate research on single mineral resource,which limited overall understanding of deep-sea mineralization processes.On the basis of reviewing the progress and existing problems of domestic and foreign scholars on the spatial distribution,occurrence status,enrichment mechanisms,and controlling factors of three deep-sea sedimentary mineral resources above,this paper proposes to focus on ore-forming elements,to conduct the study on process of"source-migration-enrichment"of the ore-forming elements under multi-sphere interaction and the spatiotemporal coupling mechanism of sedimentary mineral resources in"seamountain-basin system"under the guidance of Earth system science,which provides theoretical guidance for deep-sea metallogenic prediction.
维普
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