The impact process and mechanism of the superheavy rainfall event in Zhengzhou on July 20,2021 on the China's railway transport network
Superheavy rain is an extreme weather phenomenon,and the resulting flood disasters can cause significant losses to the socio-economy.The railway system serves as the backbone of the national economy,with railway hubs functioning not only as centers for line connections but also as centers for the distribution of passenger and freight flows.Additionally,hubs are subject to the effect of correlated networks and other processes,which suggests that superheavy rain at a given hub propagates and amplifies the impact of this disaster outward through transportation routes,ultimately affecting the entire railway network.In this paper,we systematically analyzed the impact process and disaster propagation mechanism of the Zhengzhou superheavy rainfall event that occurred on July 20,2021,on the railway network of China using disrupted train data.The results showed that:(1)From the early to middle periods of flooding,the number of affected nodes in the railway network of China gradually increased.The intensity of the disruptions decreased from the center of the flooding impact toward the periphery.The disrupted transportation routes expanded from local routes to the interconnected network,and the disrupted network spread from the center of the impact of flooding toward the periphery within the meter-shaped network.At the late period of the flooding impact,the number of disruption nodes and intensity of the disruptions decreased.Nodes with high disruption intensity values and disrupted networks contracted from the periphery toward the center of the flooding impact.(2)When different disaster-bearing bodies(high-speed and conventional railways)face the same impact,the shape and structure of the transportation network respond differently.High-speed railways are more sensitive and exhibit higher resilience.(3)The hierarchical nature of the disruptive network is significant,and the preferential link effect is obvious.The impact of the disaster is first transmitted to directly related nodes and lines before propagating further.When the hierarchical nature is reduced,the preferential link effect decreases,clustering is reduced,the number of regional small groups decreases,the degree of integration increases,and the transmission efficiency increases.Conversely,when the hierarchical nature increases,the opposite effects can be observed.(4)Due to integration,correlation,and conduction within the transportation network,when it is impacted by disasters,disruptions not only occur at the disaster center but also at related nodes,lines,and correlated areas.This paper provides a systematic basis for improving the disaster prevention and reduction capabilities of China's railways and achieving safe and reliable operation.
Zhengzhou superheavy rainfall event on 20 July 2021railway transportation networkimpact processdisaster propagation mechanism
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