Ecological risk(ER),ecosystem health(EH),and ecosystem services(ESs)are key features that describe the status of regional ecological security.While ER and EH respectively represent the pressure on and state of ecosystems,these two components interact with each other and jointly impact ESs.However,there is a paucity of studies linking ER,EH,and ESs to decipher their intrinsic impact mechanisms.Here,we spatially quantified the provisioning,regulating,and cultural ecosystem services of the Huaihe River Basin using the In VEST and maximum entropy models.We then explored the impact levels and paths of ER elements(natural hazard risk,human activity risk,and landscape pattern risk)and EH elements(vigor,organization,and resilience)on different types of ESs using the boosted regression tree algorithm and the partial least squares path model.Results showed that there was significant spatial heterogeneity in the provisioning,regulating,and cultural services of the Huaihe River Basin in 2020,all of which were classified into overall low grades.The paths of action among the regional ecological security features encompassed ER→ESs and ER→EH→ESs.Although vigor was a major direct positive contributor to provisioning service,resilience exhibited a greater direct impact with the relative importance of 32.79％.Resilience was also the greatest direct positive contributor to regulating service with the relative importance of 70.52％,followed by human activity risk exhibiting an indirect inhibitory effect.Human activity risk had the greatest direct positive effect and low indirect negative effect on cultural service,with the relative importance of 55.40％.Our findings are helpful to enhance the understanding of intrinsic relationships among ER,EH,and ESs,and provide scientific evidence for regional ecosystem management and decision making.
ecological security featuresintrinsic relationshipimpact mechanismHuaihe River Basin
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