Spatial stigmatization:Process and formation mechanism
Identity and territorial stigmatizations have been studied extensively over a long period of time.However,the interaction between the two has been relatively underexplored.Aimed at retrospection and clarification of the connotations of stigmatization,this study attempts to explore the relationship between pers on-place stigmatization from a geographic perspective.This paper proposes the concept of spatial stigmatization and systematically interprets its geographic process and formation mechanism.The paper puts forward the following arguments.First,spatial stigmatization involves stigmatizers who devalue a place's perceived value and identity construction in a specific historical environment and at a particular cognitive level through incomplete,inaccurate,and non-objective perception of space and its dependent people and objects,resulting in symbolic stigmatization of the place.Second,spatial stigmatization entails imagery construction,separation of the subject,and group interaction in the context of heterogeneous geo-spatial pattern and spatial positioning and symbolization.This forms local or heterogeneous types of direct and indirect stigmatization in different directions and at varying distances on various scales.Third,spatial inequality,exploitation and the struggle for rights,fear and avoidance,and topophilia and social order,are the bases of spatial stigmatization.Additionally,the spatial concentration and internalization of stigmatization is facilitated by complex interactions between people and places through perception,identification,positioning,and marking.This creates a spatial stigmatization mechanism that generates,disseminates,reacts,and reproduces in a continuous cycle.In the face of widespread spatial stigmatization,the key to eliminating its adverse effects lies in rebuilding a place through a new narrative system,correctly understanding the relationship between people and the Earth,and ultimately realizing"de-stigmatization space"in the context of the universal value of the human destiny community.
space stigmatizationman-land relationshipprocessesformation mechanism
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