Spatio-temporal pattern and influencing factors of efficiency of water-energy-food system in China
This study considered 30 provincial-level administrative units in China as the research object.The network SBM-DEA model and meta-frontier model were used to measure the efficiency of the interprovincial WEF system in China from 1997 to 2021 under the meta-frontier and group-frontier.The improved GTWR model was used to explore the influencing factors.The study produced several results:(1)There are significant differences in the efficiency of WEF systems under different frontiers.The average technology gap ratio of WEF system efficiency in the eastern region was 0.961,whereas that of the central and western regions was 0.673 and 0.455,respectively.(2)In previous studies,there were many overlapping spatial coordinates in the GTWR model,causing the final evaluation results of the model to be close to the linear regression results assessed in the time dimension.To compensate for this deficiency,this study constructed dynamic spatial coordinates and verified the applicability of the model.(3)In terms of temporal change,the GTWR model results showed that the fitting coefficients of energy production,industrial structure rationalization index,proportion of clean energy production,and R&D investment intensity displayed a trend of increasing first and then gradually stabilizing.The fitting coefficient of energy consumption per unit GDP revealed a downward trend year by year,while the change trend of the industrial energy consumption intensity fitting coefficient showed the opposite trend.The fitting coefficients of the remaining influencing factors showed a trend of stability after some fluctuations.(4)In terms of spatial variation,the fitting results of the GTWR model showed that the influencing factors were significantly different between regions and that the influence degrees of per capita water resources,water consumption per unit of agricultural GDP,and gray water footprint load coefficient were all greater in the northern region than in the southern region.The fitting coefficients of energy production and clean energy production were both positive,and the impact in southwest China was large.High fitting coefficient areas under the influences of the industrial structure rationalization index,industrial energy consumption intensity,and R&D investment intensity are mainly distributed along the eastern coast.The fitting coefficients of energy consumption per unit GDP were all negative,and the degree of influence decreased to the west.The fitting coefficients of traffic density were all positive,and the degree of influence showed certain regional characteristics.
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