Spatial patterns and influencing mechanisms of carbon emissions from urban school trips in small and medium-sized cities:A case study of Kaifeng
In the context of rapid urbanization,promoting low-carbon school trips is a crucial strategy for fostering sustainable urban development.However,the factors influencing carbon emissions from school trips during compulsory education remain unclear.This study focuses on Kaifeng,a city experiencing rapid spatial expansion and reconstruction.Utilizing multi-source spatiotemporal big data,large-scale micro-surveys,and the SHAP model(an interpretable machine learning method),we explore the nonlinear mechanisms and threshold effects of low-carbon school trips.The results reveal the following:(1)Carbon emissions from school trips show significant spatial disparities,making rapid expansion of outer areas critical for emission reduction efforts.(2)Temporal and spatial accessibility are the most critical factors impacting carbon emissions.Secondary schools should be planned within a 15-minute walking circle,while primary schools need optimization to be within a 13-minute one.(3)Effective management of schools surrounding the built environment can support low-carbon school trips.Optimal conditions for low-carbon school trips include a road network density of 10-14 km/km2,a land use mix of 2.4-2.7,and primary schools accommodating up to 1000 people.(4)The lack of students'ability to travel independently also restricts low-carbon school trips.Developing safe routes and promoting walking school buses are effective strategies for creating child-friendly cities.The research results provide valuable insights for the refined planning and governance of urban education resource distribution and low-carbon development.
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