Calculation method of public facility service radius under the perspective of adaptive network evolution: A case study of primary schools in Dongguan
The service radius of urban public service facilities directly impacts residents' convenience. As urbanization processes, it becomes crucial to consider the complex correlation factors between facilities and users when researching service radius standards. This research aims to explore more refined facility deployment standards to support decision-making in optimizing the allocation of public service facility resources.This study adopts the new urban science theory and focuses on 485 primary schools in Dongguan. It introduces a method for calculating the service radius of public service facilities based on adaptive network evolution. This method begins at the micro-level of individual behavior, simulating interactions between people and educational facilities through a dynamic evolution network model using geographic spatial big data. It iteratively obtains the actual service scope of each school and statistically analyzes appropriate service radius and school scale under the condition of balanced demand and supply. Therefore, it uncovers the macro-level laws governing public service facility service radius and provides pathway method suggestions for the rational allocation of public service facilities in urban planning. The study finds that: (1) The actual average service radius of primary schools in Dongguan is 960 meters, surpassing the national standard of 500 meters and Dongguan's local specification requirement of 800 meters; (2) Variations exist in facility service radius in different functional areas. The service radius of primary schools is smallest in residential-led areas, followed by comprehensive urban functional areas, and larger in industry-led urban functional areas. When allocating educational resources, customized service radii can be further formulated in combination with the dominant functions of the region to meet the diverse spatial needs of residents; (3) The unit land use efficiency of schools of different scales varies. There is a significant linear growth relationship between primary school service radius and class size. Large-scale schooling promotes efficient and cost-effective land utilization. However, excessive class size and service radius are not conducive to the travel of primary school students. Thus it is essential to a balance between maximizing land use efficiency and ensuring child-friendly travel distances. (4) As constantly evolving open system, the guiding standards for public service facility service radius in a city should incorporate a dynamic adjustment mechanism, with periodic evaluations and optimizations condected promptly. Facility planning standards should take into account functional zoning, population characteristics, and the developmental stage of the city or region to better meet the residents' needs. This study exploratively uses complex science theory to evaluate the layout of public service facilities, considering location, scale, and spatial distribution of the service population to better meet residents' needs. This offers a new perspective and method for optimizing local public service facility standards and provides an application path for optimizing the planning and layout of public service facilities.
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