摘要
实景三维中国建设已全面启动,但在成果、技术及应用体系的构建过程中仍面临诸多挑战.当前,急需深入探索并总结各省市在成果体系构建、关键技术实现及典型应用案例的成功经验,以促进建设体系的不断完善.宁夏于 2020 年率先启动并已完成全省域实景三维建设,本文基于宁夏的建设经验,首先,梳理成果分类与特点,结合实际需求构建"三类—四级"的成果体系,并总结成果具有多源性、易用性、时效性和共享性特点;其次,分析建设过程中的关键技术,包括乡村三维框架模型的自动建模、精细化单体建模等,重点介绍典型应用场景的服务成效;最后,针对成果体系构建、技术体系建设及应用推广等方面提出相关建议.研究表明,宁夏通过先行先试,形成了具有地方特色的实景三维建设模式,为全国范围内实景三维建设的推广与体系完善提供了宝贵的经验和参考.
Abstract
[Objective]3D realistic geospatial landscape model(3DRGLM)China,as an emerging spatiotemporal infrastructure,furnishes a unified three-dimensional spatiotemporal foundation crucial for the advancement of Digital China.Nonetheless,amidst its comprehensive development,substantial obstacles persist concerning the establishment of an accomplishment framework,key technological breakthroughs,and the expansion of application domains.Ningxia pioneered the initiation and completion of province-wide 3DRGLM construction in 2020.This study adopts Ningxia as a case study to methodically consolidate its practical experiences,thereby offering valuable perspectives for the national deployment and widespread adoption of real scene 3D technology.[Methods]Grounded in the analysis of Ningxia's provincial-wide construction practices,this research unfolds through three dimensions:(1)Categorizing and characterizing the construction outcomes,aligning them with practical necessities to formulate a"three-category,four-tier"achievement system.This encompasses three model types,namely 3DRGLM terrain,rural 3D frameworks,and urban 3DRGLM models,alongside four tiers of model representation precision.It also encapsulates the multi-source nature,usability,timeliness,and sharing attributes of these achievements.(2)Tackling the hurdles and challenges encountered during construction by investigating automated modeling methodologies rooted in digital line graphics and point cloud data.This involves devising seamless integration strategies between terrain scenes and individual structures,and refining modeling techniques for intricate,irregular edifices,thereby augmenting the automation quotient of 3D modeling.(3)Assessing the efficacy of applications and services in vital areas such as major project site selection,urban planning and design,cultural tourism,and natural resource administration,guided by operational requirements and the inherent value of the achievements.[Results]The results show that Ningxia's 3DRGLM initiative has established multi-tiered accomplishments spanning terrain,rural,and urban contexts,enabling the creation of 3D models with diverse levels of detail through the utilization of multifaceted data sources including aerial and satellite imagery.Key technological explorations have successfully addressed automatic modeling challenges in rural areas,the harmonious integration of terrain scenes with standalone models,and the nuanced modeling of complex architectural forms.Practical implementations validate that these accomplishments facilitate 3D visualization services,enhance operational efficiency,and expand service reach.[Conclusion]Ningxia has cultivated a distinctive 3DRGLM construction paradigm through early experimentation and pilot projects,charting a pragmatic course of action in achievements systems,core technologies,and application services.This approach has not only been empirically validated but also extensively implemented.The insights garnered from this experience present a viable blueprint for the nationwide proliferation and enhancement of 3DRGLM construction endeavors.
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