To explore fire resistance design methods for bolted connections in timber structures,standard fire tests were conducted on glulam bolted beam-column connections with inserted-in steel plates,and the fire re-sistance time of the connections under constant load was obtained.A database was developed using fire test da-ta from beam-column bolted connections,as well as fire test data from various dowel-type connections gath-ered over the past 30 years worldwide.Based on this database,some formulas relating load ratio to fire resist-ance time were derived,and their accuracy was validated by comparing the theoretical results with experimen-tal data.Additionally,a method for calculating the fire resistance of glulam beam-column bolted connections under combined bending and shear was proposed.The findings indicate that,for a given load ratio,the calcu-lated theoretical fire resistance time closely aligns with the experimental results.The theoretical values are slightly lower than the experimental results,with a maximum error of-11.34％.The conservative nature of the theoretical results provides a safety margin for the fire resistance design of timber connections.
timber structuresbeam to column connectionsfire resistancecalculation methed
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