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现代"民俗"概念的生成与博物馆展览类型的分化

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展览的类型化与不同时代情境下的概念知识特性密切相关.近代以来的思想运动与学科建设中所形成的现代"民俗"概念,其意涵具有复合型特点,既继承"风俗"观,从史学视角关照地方与国家的关系;又重视"民"的主体性,从民俗学视角强调民间启蒙与文化自觉.其知识表征分野使博物馆形成了两种展览范式:"风俗"范式侧重呈现社会史和习俗模式,旨在从地域文化多样性上呼应大一统国家的形成;"民俗"范式则格外强调"民间"的重要性,突出关照与阐释民族文化主体性问题."风俗"与"民俗"范式的分化与关联彰显了博物馆日常生活展示的文明性与人民性,呼应了中国现代国家建构的双重身份——民族身份与人民身份.
The Generation of the Modern Concept of "Folklore" and the Differentiation of Museum Exhibition Types
Exhibitions'typification is closely related to the characteristics of conceptual knowledge in different times. The modern concept of"folklore",formed through recent ideological movement and disci-plinary construction,has a composite nature. It inherits the concept of"customs",examining the relationship between local and state from a historiographic perspective,while also emphasizing the people's subjectivity,focusing on folk enlightenment and cultural consciousness from a folkloristic viewpoint. This divergence in knowledge features has led to two exhibition paradigms in museums. The"customs"paradigm focuses on presenting social historical events and customs patterns,aiming to reflect the formation of a unified country through regional cultural diversity. The paradigm of"folklore"particularly emphasizes the importance of the common people and highlights ethnic cultural subjectivity. The differentiation and correlation between the"customs"and"folklore"paradigms reflect the civilization and peoplehood exhibited in museum's daily life displays,echoing the dual identity of modern Chinese state construction-national identity and people's iden-tity.

folklorecustomstypes of exhibitscivilizationpeoplehood

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中国社会科学院大学历史学院 北京 102488

中国社会科学院中国历史研究院 北京 100101

民俗 风俗 展览类型 文明性 人民性

2024

东南文化
南京博物院

东南文化

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.405
ISSN:1001-179X
年,卷(期):2024.(4)