印度古代艺术理论家般多利迦·韦陀罗的几部梵语论著简评
A Brief Review of Several Sanskrit Sangitasastras by the Ancient Indian Art Theorist Pandarika Vitthala
尹锡南1
作者信息
摘要
梵语艺术理论家般多利迦·韦陀罗生活于 16 世纪末至 17 世纪初.他是继婆罗多、角天之后最重要的印度古典乐舞论者之一,是非常典型的北印度乐舞理论家.他的乐舞论反映了卡塔克舞等北印度艺术表演实践.韦陀罗的三部小书《美妙拉格月升》《拉格花簇》和《拉格蔓》是其梵语代表作《乐舞论》的理论预演.韦陀罗介绍了音名、微分音、音域、基本音阶、装饰音、拉格和膜鸣乐器(鼓)的表演方式等.韦陀罗的音乐论借鉴了婆罗多、角天和罗摩摩底耶等前人的著作,但又有自己的一些创意.韦陀罗列举的波斯拉格及其相似的印度本土拉格名称,是印度音乐与外来的波斯音乐交流融合的历史见证.韦陀罗对旋转舞、脚铃声和棍棒舞等的介绍,对于我们观察当今仍在印度流行的卡塔克舞和棍棒舞等,具有重要的参考价值.韦陀罗的舞蹈二分法(规则舞和自由舞)将角天等开创的雅俗共存的论述模式推进到雅俗转换阶段,这是其《乐舞论》对印度古代舞蹈理论发展的重要历史贡献.韦陀罗是承先启后的重要乐舞论者之一,他的几部梵语乐舞论著在印度古代音乐理论史上留下了浓墨重彩的一笔.
Abstract
The Sanskrit art theorist Pandarika Vitthala lived from the late 16th century to the early 17th century.He is one of the most important Indian pandita and dance theorists following Bharata and Sarngadeva.Vitthala described the lakshna and lakshya about Kathak in the north of India and he is treated as a representative pandita of the northern school of sangitasastra.His three small books,Sadragacandrodaya,Rag-amanjari,Ragamala are theoretical preludes to his Sanskrit masterpiece Nartananirnaya.Vitthala introduced musical notes,microtones,vocal ranges,basic scales,ornamentations,ragas,and the performance methods of membranophones(drums).His music theories draw on the works of predecessors such as Bharata,Sarngadeva,and Ramamatya,while also incorporating his own innovations.The Persian ragas and their analogous Indian ragas listed by Vitthala can be historical evidence of the exchange and fusion between Indian and Persian music.His descriptions of rotating dances,ankle bells,and stick dances are valuable references for observing contemporary Indian Kathak and stick dances,which remain popular today.Vitthala's dichotomy of structured and free dance advances Sarngadeva's discourse on the co-existence of classical and popular elements,marking a significant historical contribution of his Nartananirnaya to ancient Indian dance theory.Vitthala is a key music and dance theorist who bridges the past and future.His several Sanskrit treatises on music and dance have left a significant mark on the history of ancient Indian music theory.
关键词
乐舞论/印度古典音乐/印度古典舞蹈/般多利迦·韦陀罗Key words
Nartananirnaya/Classical Indian Music/Classical Indian Dance/Pandarika Vitthala引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据