远距离无线电(Long Range Radio,LoRa)网关的部署优化有助于合理规划硬件设备,降低初期搭建通信系统的成本,还能确保系统节点与网关之间的通信稳定.为了避免因鲸鱼优化算法(Whale Optimization Algorithm,WOA)的早熟现象导致的网关部署定位误差较大的问题,采用分段非线性化决策算子提升该算法后半段的局部开发能力,引入自适应惯性因子增加对当前寻优结果的反馈修正,同时对最优值引入白噪声序列随机扰动更新以提升对原始数据的利用率,提高改进型算法对各节点信号覆盖交叉区域的接收信号的强度指示(Received Signal Strength Indicator,RSSI)值寻优处理的准确性.分析结果表明,与原型WOA相比,改进型WOA算法对基准测试函数寻优区间缩减至 0%～81.11%;与经典差分进化(Differential Evolution,DE)算法、粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)算法和原型WOA相比,改进型WOA算法的网关部署优化精确度优势明显,误差在1 dBm范围内,寻优准确率达 99.8%.改进型算法极大地提升了精确度与稳定性,确保网关部署位置处于各节点RSSI值最优区间,从而保障了通信系统的稳定性.
Optimization of LoRa Gateway Deployment based on Improved Whale Algorithm
The optimization of LoRa gateway deployment helps in planning hardware devices rationally,reducing the cost of setting up the communication system in the early stages,and ensuring stable communication between system nodes and gateways.In order to avoid the issue of large positioning errors in gateway deployment caused by the premature convergence of the Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA),a segmented nonlinear decision operator is used to enhance the local development capability of the algorithm in the later stages.An adaptive inertia factor is introduced to provide feedback correction for the current optimization results,and white noise sequence random perturbation is introduced to update the optimal value,improving the utilization of the original data.The improved algorithm enhances the accuracy of optimizing the Received Signal Strength Indicator(RSSI)values in the signal coverage crossover areas of various nodes.Analysis results show that compared to the original WOA,the improved WOA algorithm reduces the optimization range of benchmark test functions to 0%～81.11%.Compared to classical Differential Evolution(DE),Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),and the original WOA,the improved WOA algorithm has obvious advantages in the optimization accuracy of gateway deployment,and the error is within 1 dBm,and the optimization accuracy is 99.8%.This improved algorithm greatly improves accuracy and stability,ensuring that the gateway deployment location is in the optimal RSSI range for all nodes,thereby ensuring the stability of the communication system.
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