Spatio-temporal differentiation of prehistoric"loong"relics in China:a case study of Xuecheng site in Nanjing
Background,aim,and scope As a totem of the Chinese nation,the"loong"has been passed down to the present day with great influence.Throughout history,it has gradually become a revered deity,a symbol of the nation,and a cultural icon that the Chinese nation collectively respects,possessing a deep sense of national cohesion,unity,and identity.In order to present the"loong"shaped relics more completely and intuitively,the"loong"shaped relic at Xuecheng site in Nanjing is digitally restored and modeled.And a comparative analysis with three other typical"loong"shaped archaeological relics in China is carried out to reveal their relationship with the geographical environment.Materials and methods Taking the clamshell sculpture"loong"shaped relic unearthed in 2021 at Xuecheng site,Nanjing,as an example,a quantitative method for 3D restoration and modeling of"loong"shaped relic was proposed based on multi-source spatial data.By comparing the environmental,biological and morphological features of the four different"loong"shaped relics,the relationship between them and the geographical environment was analyzed.Results(1)The 3D restoration and reconstruction of the"loong"shaped relic at Xuecheng site in Nanjing had been completed.(2)It was believed that the"loong"from Fuxin,Liaoning Province,was related to early agricultural ancestors choosing pigs as a symbol of wealth.(3)The warm and humid climate during the Neolithic period in the central plains led to the loong-like image in the Xishuipo site in Puyang,Henan Province and the Xuecheng site in Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,with materials derived from freshwater sources.(4)With the expansion of the influence of the Xia Dynasty in the central plains,the"loong"shaped relic from the Erlitou site in Henan Province,made of turquoise from Shaanxi Province,had already broken away from the constraints of the geographical environment.Discussion Based on the measured multi-source high precision spatial data of the"loong"shaped relic of Xuecheng site at the archaeological site,combined with the ontological knowledge rules of the research object,3D restoration and modeling were carried out.This method produced a more 3D,intuitive and reliable modeling result compared with the traditional archaeological planar mapping based on a single hand-measured data,and provided a digital method for the protection of archaeological relics.By comparing the materials,forms,and geographic environments of four"loong"shaped relics from different regions and cultural types,this multi-dimensional analysis method provided a more comprehensive in revealing the relationship between the prehistoric"loong"shaped relics and the geographic environment as well as the evolution pattern.With the development of technological archaeology,the in-depth exploration of the materials of the four"loong"shaped relics will produce more scientifically comprehensive comparative analysis conclusions.Conclusions The"loong"shaped relic of Xuecheng site could be reconstructed well based on multi-source data fusion GIS modeling method.The comprehensive analysis of the"loong"shaped relics was closely related to the geographic environment,with its evolution pattern transitioning from being controlled by the geographic environment to being free from its constraints.Recommendations and perspectives This study provides a scientific approach for the 3D restoration and modeling of archaeological sites and the comparative analysis of the geographical environment of similar remains,and has good reference value.
"loong"shaped relicsgeographical environment analysis3D restoration and modeling of relicXuecheng site
万方数据
