Theoretical analysis and trading mechanism of"ecological vouchers"for spatial balance of ecological value:a case study of Jiangyin
Background,aim,and scope As the construction of ecological civilization continues to deepen,the realization of ecological product value has increasingly become a tangible grip for practicing the concept of"Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets".However,the externality and carrier dependence of ecological products have made it difficult to establish a market-oriented trading mechanism for the realization of ecological products in practice.The establishment of an eco-voucher trading system,to a certain extent,opens up the channel of transforming public ecological resources to market economic value,and it realizes the transformation from area balance to value balance in the development and use of ecological products.The construction of ecological land occupation and compensation balance mechanism based on"ecological vouchers"is an important exploration of the"Two Mountains Theory".Jiangyin City,with its superior resource environment and geographic location,has achieved remarkable results in the construction of ecological civilization,and at the same time,it has a well-developed economy,which makes it a pilot area for the mechanism of realizing the value of ecological products in Jiangsu Province.Materials and methods To explore the effective path for sustainable enhancement of ecological product value,this paper constructed an ecological index trading mechanism with"ecological coupons"as the carrier,and it explored the balance between ecological value and development space with the participation of multiple subjects.Results The results showed that the"ecological vouchers"could be obtained based on the value of ecosystem service functions and had the basic characteristics of being tradable and assessable.The"ecological vouchers"trading was a practice of balancing the value of multiple spaces.The operation mechanism of"ecological vouchers"included generation,issuance,trading,use and management,involving market entities such as administrative authorities,sellers,and buyers,as well as intermediary economic institutions.Discussion Ecological vouchers were essentially the property rights embodiment of ecological value.The total amount of ecological product value of the supply and demand sides unchanged was the premise of the"ecological vouchers".The overall logic of"ecological vouchers"trading is to ensure that the value of ecological products in the region does not diminish,so as to achieve a balance in the value of ecological products and ensure regional ecological security.On the supply side,changes in the value of ecological products are mainly determined through ecological product-based period surveys and regular monitoring of ecological products.After the conversion of ecologically valued land use types to construction land,it is necessary to account for the reduction in the ecological value of the land parcel as well as the number of ecological vouchers that need to be purchased.Land use right bidders purchase"ecological vouchers"according to the allocation requirements as the demand side of"ecological vouchers".The conversion of"ecological vouchers"between different land types is a key part of"ecological vouchers"accounting.The number of ecological vouchers could be obtained by measuring the value of ecological products per unit area of ecological land.The total value of"ecological vouchers"for Jiangyin's land along the river was 15.4272 million yuan.The exploration of the trading mechanism of"ecological vouchers"and the measurement of the value of"ecological vouchers"are the innovations of this study.Conclusions It is stipulated that the value of ecological regulation services generated by per unit area(667 m2)of woodland was a standard"ecological voucher",and that different ecological land could be converted into"ecological vouchers"based on changes in the value of ecosystem regulation services.The administrative authority was responsible for the approval and supervision of ecological vouchers transactions.Market players were involved in the whole process of supply and demand transactions of"ecological vouchers".Recommendations and perspectives It is recommended to clarify the division of labor and collaboration system from the supply and demand perspectives,and to build a guarantee mechanism for the operation of ecological vouchers based on policies and regulations,technical specifications and supervision and management system.The research results will provide a reference for enriching the path of ecological product value realization and promoting the healthy development of the ecological economy.
balance of occupation and replenishmentecological product value realizationecological product value accounting"ecological vouchers"trading mechanism