摘要
青藏高原大气边界层过程和结构特征受该区热力和动力作用的影响显著,利用现有观测资料难以全面系统地揭示青藏高原复杂边界层的形成、发展和演变机制.因此采用数值模拟的手段研究青藏高原大气边界层过程并解释其形成发展的内在机制,已成为一种行之有效的方法.首先综述归纳了常用于大气边界层模拟的数值模式及各模式中广泛采用的边界层参数化方案;其次,介绍了近年来在青藏高原大气边界层数值模拟领域开展的各项工作和成果,包括青藏高原大气边界层高度时空分布特征的模拟研究、青藏高原典型地区(具有大地形和湖泊的地区)大气边界层结构特征及其影响机制的模拟研究、不同边界层参数化方案在青藏高原地区的对比评估以及模式分辨率对模拟效果的影响;最后,总结并提出目前青藏高原大气边界层过程模拟仍存在对大气边界层高度、近地面气象要素等有模拟偏差的问题,针对这些问题就边界层参数化方案的改进、模式分辨率的选取、驱动数据优化和验证数据的选取以及其他物理方案的选择4个方面做出初步展望,以期为未来青藏高原地区大气边界层结构和过程的模拟改进提供新的研究思路.
Abstract
The atmospheric boundary layer processes and structural characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau(TP)are significantly influenced by thermal and dynamic effects in the region.The existing observational data are insufficient to comprehensively reveal the complex formation,development,and evolutionary mechanisms of the TP boundary layer of the TP.Therefore,the use of numerical simulations to investigate these processes and explain their underlying mechanisms has become an effective approach.First,this study reviews the numerical models commonly used for atmospheric boundary layer simulations and the widely adopted parameterization schemes within these models.Second,we present recent research and findings in the field of numerical simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer of the TP,including studies on the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the boundary layer height,simulations of the boundary layer structure and its influencing mechanisms in typical regions(such as areas with significant topography and lakes),comparative assessments of different boundary layer parameterization schemes in the region,and the impact of model resolution on the simulation outcomes.Finally,the paper concludes by addressing the persistent challenges in simulating PBL processes over the TP,particularly the biases in modeling PBL height and near-surface meteorological variables.It outlines potential strategies for advancing simulation accuracy,including improvements in boundary layer parameterization schemes,careful selection of model resolution,optimization of driving and verification data,and refinement of other physical parameterizations.These insights are intended to provide new directions for future research,with the aim of enhancing the simulation of PBL structure and processes over the TP.
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