冰湖作为冰川融水主要储蓄载体,能在一定程度延缓区域冰川淡水资源流失,但也为冰湖溃决洪水(Glacial Lake Out-burst Floods,GLOFs)、滑坡、泥石流等山地灾害发生提供了孕灾场所,是众多山地冰川灾害链的重要环节.升温、极端气候变化扰动下,冰川物质亏损/减薄速率进一步加剧,冰湖形态变化速率加快、GLOFs发生频次与规模有所提升、灾害影响效应愈发显著,对高海拔山地冰川区下游居民生命财产和基础设施安全带来潜在风险.鉴于此,本文以冰湖与GLOFs研究为主题,首先,通过冰湖研究文献计量分析确定了近些年研究热点专题;其次,围绕山地冰川冰湖与GLOFs研究的3个主要方向:冰湖与GLOFs遥感监测、冰湖时空演化与冰川变化分析及未来潜在冰湖探测、冰湖灾害风险评估与GLOFs案例研究,遴选10项重要专题内容,分门别类、系统梳理总结、剖析了国内外研究进展,阐述了当下研究存在不足;最后,针对所选专题结合技术发展趋势与研究热点问题,围绕冰湖形态信息与GLOFs智能提取、冰川-冰(前/面)湖系统演化及其气候变化响应关系、冰湖监测预警与灾害防治内容,对未来研究做了一定展望,以期为山地冰川冰湖灾害管理与适应性规划提供借鉴与参考.
A Review on Remote Sensing Monitoring of Glacial Lake Change and Glacial Lake Outburst Floods in Mountain Glacier Regions
Glacial lakes,as the primary carriers of glacier meltwater,can postpone the loss of local glacier freshwater resources to some degree.However,they also offer a breeding ground for Glacial Lake Outburst Floods(GLOFs)and other mountain natural disasters(e.g.,landslides,mudslides,etc.).In the mountain glacier zones,glacial lakes play a crucial role in the chain of glacier-related disaster risk.The sudden release of a massive volume of water occurs when a glacial lake dam breaches,is overtopped,or is influenced by other events such as earthquakes and avalanches of ice or rock,which poses a major danger to the downstream infrastructure,possessions,and lives of residents living in high-altitude mountains.Glacial lake evolution and glacial changes are closely related to each other.As glaciers shrink and recede,glacial lakes develop and expand.Effective prevention and management of glacial lake disaster risk requires knowledge of glacial lake changes,in addition to retrospective and investigative studies on past glacial lake outburst flood events.However,due to the distribution of glacial lakes in high-altitude mountain regions,its susceptibility to global warming,and the difficulty in accessing these areas,remote sensing monitoring has emerged as the most practical technical method and provides opportunities for analyzing global climate change and assessing natural disasters.Recent research has indicated an increase in the frequency and impact of GLOFs incidents,emphasizing the growing significance of studying these disasters.Based on this,in this study,we first identified key research areas in recent years through the metrological analysis of the literature on the remote sensing monitoring of glacial lakes and GLOFs.Second,focusing on three main directions of the research on glacial lakes and GLOFs(109 important research literatures),namely remote sensing monitoring of glacial lakes and GLOFs,response analysis of glacial lake evolution in the context of climate change,and glacial lake risk assessment with case studies of GLOFs,ten essential topics of recent research advances at home and abroad as well as the shortcomings of current studies are systematically summarized and analyzed.Finally,the direction of future research is prospected,including extraction of glacial lake morphology using artificial intelligence and GLOFs events inventory,glacier-glacial lake(especially for proglacial,supraglacial lake)system evolution and its relationship to climate change,glacial lake monitoring,and early warning and disaster prevention.Our review offers references for the management and adaptive planning of glacial lake and mountain glacier related catastrophes.
mountain regionglacial lakeGlacial Lake Outburst Floods(GLOFs)remote sensing monitoringPotential Future Glacial Lakes(PFGLs)inventoryglacial lake evolution and changeglacial lake volume(storage)estimationglacial lake risk assessmentclimate change
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