REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF TRAIN VIBRATIONS ON UNDERWATER TUNNELS
The dynamic response of tunnel structures and surrounding soil due to train loads can lead to serious is-sues such as deformation and cracking of the tunnel structure,which affects operational safety.To investigate the im-pact of train vibrations on underwater tunnels,factors influencing the tunnel structure and surrounding soil respons-es caused by train operations were summarized,the dynamic response characteristics of the tunnel-soil system were analyzed.It was found that the stress changes in the tunnel structure during train passage are predominantly gov-erned by the first principal stress,with the tunnel mainly experiencing compressive stress,this is manifested as"in-creased vertical and convergent horizontal"compressive deformation characterized.The dynamic response of the sur-rounding soil exhibits periodic fluctuations,with responses being more pronounced the closer the soil is to the tunnel.