首页|To forage or hide? Threat-sensitive foraging behaviour in wild, non-reproductive passerine birds
To forage or hide? Threat-sensitive foraging behaviour in wild, non-reproductive passerine birds
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原文链接
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据
Because antipredator behaviours are costly,the threat-sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis predicts that individual animals should express predator-avoidance behaviour proportionally to the perceived threat posed by the predator.Here,we experimentally tested this hypothesis by providing wild passerine birds supplemental food (on a raised feeding platform) at either 1 or 4 m from the edge of forest cover (potential refuge),in either the presence or absence of a nearby simulated predation threat (a sharp-shinned hawk Accipiter striatus model).Compared with the control treatment,we observed proportionally fewer bird visits to the food patch,and the birds took longer to re-emerge from forest refuge and return to feed at the food patch,after the hawk presentation than before it.The observed threat-sensitive latency-to-return response was stronger when the food patch was further away from the nearest refuge.Overall,our results are consistent with the predictions of the threat-sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis in that wild passerine birds (primarily black-capped chickadees Poecile atricapillus) exhibited more intense antipredator behavioural responses with increasing level of apparent threat.The birds were thus sensitive to their local perceived threat of predation and traded-off safety from predation (by refuging) and foraging gains in open habitat in a graded,threat-sensitive manner.
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据
