Abstract
The demographic trend of a species depends on the dynamics of its local populations,which can be compromised by local or by global phenomena.However,the relevance of local and global phe-nomena has rarely been investigated simultaneously.Here,we tested whether local phenomena compromised a species'demographic trend using the Eurasian common lizard Zootoca vivipara,the terrestrial reptile exhibiting the widest geographic distribution,as a model species.We ana-lyzed the species'ancient demographic trend using genetic data from its 6 allopatric genetic clades and tested whether its demographic trend mainly depended on single clades or on global phenom-ena.Zootoca vivipara's effective population size increased since 2.3 million years ago and started to increase steeply and continuously from 0.531 million years ago.Population growth rate exhib-ited 2 maxima,both occurring during global climatic changes and important vegetation changes on the northern hemisphere.Effective population size and growth rate were negatively correlated with global surface temperatures,in line with global parameters driving long-term demographic trends.Zootoca vivipara's ancient demography was neither driven by a single clade,nor by the 2 clades that colonized huge geographic areas after the last glaciation.The low importance of local phenomena,suggests that the experimentally demonstrated high sensitivity of this species to short-term ecological changes is a response in order to cope with short-term and local changes.This suggests that what affected its long-term demographic trend the most,were not these local changes/responses,but rather the important and prolonged global climatic changes and important vegetation changes on the northern hemisphere,including the opening up of the forest by humans.
基金项目
Spanish MINECO(IJCI-2015-23618)
Spanish Ministry of Education and Science(CGL2012-32459)
Spanish Ministry of Education and Science(CGL2016-76918 AEI/FEDER)
Spanish Ministry of Education and Science(UE)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据