Double-brooding and annual breeding success of great tits in urban and forest habitats

Boglárka Bukor ¹Gábor Seress ²Ivett Pipoly ³Krisztina Sándor ⁴Csenge Sinkovics ¹Ern? Vinczea ⁵András Liker³

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作者信息

1. Behavioral Ecology Research Group,Center for Natural Sciences,University of Pannonia,Veszprém H-8200,Hungary
2. MTA-PE Evolutionary Ecology Research Group,University of Pannonia,Veszprém H-8200,Hungary
3. Behavioral Ecology Research Group,Center for Natural Sciences,University of Pannonia,Veszprém H-8200,Hungary;MTA-PE Evolutionary Ecology Research Group,University of Pannonia,Veszprém H-8200,Hungary
4. Behavioral Ecology Research Group,Center for Natural Sciences,University of Pannonia,Veszprém H-8200,Hungary;MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group,Budapest,Hungary
5. Behavioral Ecology Research Group,Center for Natural Sciences,University of Pannonia,Veszprém H-8200,Hungary;MTA-PE Evolutionary Ecology Research Group,University of Pannonia,Veszprém H-8200,Hungary;Department of Biology,Theoretical Population Ecology and Evolution Group,Lund University,Lund,Sweden
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Abstract

Urban areas differ from natural habitats in several environmental features that influence the characteristics of animals living there. For example, birds often start breeding seasonally earlier and fledge fewer offspring per brood in cities than in natural habitats. However, longer breeding seasons in cities may increase the frequency of double-brooding in urban compared with nonurban populations, thus potentially increasing urban birds' annual reproductive output and resulting in lower habitat difference in reproductive success than estimated by studies focusing on first clutches only. In this study, we investigated 2 urban and 2 forests great tit Parus major populations from 2013 to 2019. We compared the probability of double-brooding and the total number of annually fledged chicks per female between urban and forest habitats, while controlling for the effects of potentially confounding variables. There was a trend for a higher probability of double-brooding in urban (44％ of females) than in forest populations (36％), although this was not consistent between the 2 urban sites. Females produced significantly fewer fledglings annually in the cities than in the forest sites, and this difference was present both within single- and double-brooded females. Furthermore, double-brooded urban females produced a similar number of fledglings per season as single-brooded forest females. These results indicate that double-brooding increases the reproductive success of female great tits in both habitats, but urban females cannot effectively compensate in this way for their lower reproductive output per brood. However, other mechanisms like increased post-fledging survival can mitigate habitat differences in reproductive success.

Key words

annual reproductive success/habitat differences/population self-sustainability/second brood/urban conservation

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基金项目

National Research Development and Innovation Office(NKFIH)of Hungary(K132490)

National Research Development and Innovation Office(NKFIH)of Hungary(FK137743)

Thematic Excellence Program(TKP2020-IKA-07)

Thematic Excellence Program(2020-4.1.1-TKP2020)

theúNKP-20-4 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Innovation and Technology from the Source of the National Resear()

National Office of Research,Development and Innovation(PD-134985)

MSCA EF Seal of Excellence IF-2019 grant by Vinnova,the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems(2021-01102)

出版年

2022

动物学报(英文版)

中国科学院动物研究所,中国动物学会

动物学报(英文版)

CSCDSCI

影响因子：0.198

ISSN：1674-5507

参考文献量65

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