首页|Nesting innovations allow population growth in an invasive population of rose-ringed parakeets
Nesting innovations allow population growth in an invasive population of rose-ringed parakeets
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Certain traits of recipient environments,such as the availability of limiting resources,strongly de-termine the establishment success and spread of non-native species.These limitations may be overcome through behavioral plasticity,allowing them to exploit alternative resources.Here,we show how a secondary cavity nester bird,the rose-ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri,innovates its nesting behavior as a response to the shortage of tree cavities for nesting in its invasive range in Tenerife(Canary Islands).We observed that some breeding pairs excavated their own nest cavities in palms,thus becoming primary cavity nester,whereas others occupied nests built with wood sticks by another invasive species,the monk parakeet Myiopsitta monachus.The use of these novel nesting strategies increased the number of breeding pairs by up to 52%over 6years,contri-buting to a 128.8%increase of the whole population.Innovative nests were located at greater heights above ground and were more aggregated around conspecifics but did not result in greater breeding success than natural cavities.Occupation of monk parakeet colonies by rose-ringed para-keets also benefited the former species through a protective-nesting association against nest pred-ators.Our results show how an invasive species innovate nesting behaviors and increase nest-site availability in the recipient environment,thus facilitating its population growth and invasion pro-cess.Potential behavioral innovations in other invasive rose-ringed parakeet populations may be overlooked,and should be considered for effective management plans.