冬季森林鸟类对林窗的响应分析
Response of forest bird communities to forest gap in winter in southwestern China
赵东东 1吴映环 1陆舟 1蒋光伟 1周放1
作者信息
- 1. 广西大学动物科学技术学院,广西南宁530005
- 折叠
摘要
林窗主要指由森林中老龄树死亡或其他偶然因素导致的成熟阶段优势树种死亡,从而造成在林冠层形成空隙的现象.2011年11月-2012年2月,于广西防城金花茶国家级自然保护区,采用定点观察法,就北热带季雨林冬季鸟类对林窗的响应特征及鸟类在林窗和非林窗的分布特征等进行了研究.在林窗记录到鸟类45种,占所有鸟类的84.9％,平均种数为9.6种；在非林窗记录到鸟类39种,占所有鸟类的73.6％,平均种数为5.3种.多元回归表明林窗面积、林窗外10m乔木平均高度、林窗外10 m乔木数量、林窗外10m灌木数量、林窗外1 m草本平均盖度和裸地比例是林窗影响鸟类多样性的关键因子.总体上,林窗鸟类多样性大于非林窗.另外,林窗对鸟类空间分布影响主要表现在:鸟类的垂直分布以林窗中层和林冠层为主,水平分布以近离和较近离为主,而这种空间分布格局主要是由鸟类取食生态位分化所造成.
Abstract
Although forest gap ecology is an important field of study,research remains limited.By plot setting and point counted observation,the response of birds to forest gaps in winter as well as bird distribution pattems in forest gaps and intact canopies were studied in a north tropical monsoon forest of southwestern China from November 2011 to February 2012 in the Fangcheng Golden Camellia National Nature Reserve,Guangxi.The regression equation of bird species diversity to habitat factor was Y1=0.611+0.002 X13+0.043 X2+0.002 X5-0.003 X8+0.006 X10+0.008 X1 and the regression equation of bird species dominance index to habitat factor was Y3=0.533+0.001 X13+0.019 X2+0.002 X3-0.017 X4+0.002 X1.There were 45 bird species (2 orders and 13 families) recorded in the forest gap,accounting for 84.9％ of all birds (n=45),with an average of 9.6 species (range:2-22).Thirty-nine bird species (5 orders and 14 families) were recorded in non-gap areas,accounting for 73.6％ of all birds (n=39),with an average of 5.3 species (range:1-12).These results suggested that gap size,arbor average height (10 m from gap margin),arbor quantity (10 m from gap margin),shrub quantity (10 m from gap margin),herbal average coverage (1 m from gap margin) and bare land ratio were the key forest gap factors that influenced bird diversities.On the whole,bird diversity in the forest gap was greater than in the intact canopy.Spatial distributions in the forest gaps were also observed in the bird community.Most birds foraged in the "middle" and "canopy" layers in the vertical stratification.In addition,"nearly from" and "close from" contained more birds in relation to horizontal stratification.Feeding niche differentiation was suggested as the main reason for these distribution patterns.
关键词
林窗/鸟类多样性/空间分布/食性分布/森林Key words
Forest gap/Bird diversity/Spatial distribution/Trophic distribution/Forest引用本文复制引用
基金项目
广西自然科学基金北部湾重大专项(2010GXNSFE013004)
广西自然科学基金北部湾重大专项(2011GXNSFE018001)
出版年
2013
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
维普
万方数据