首页|Major,trace element and Sr-Nd isotope evidence for a sublithospheric mantle source for the Umkondo large igneous province
Major,trace element and Sr-Nd isotope evidence for a sublithospheric mantle source for the Umkondo large igneous province
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The Mesoproterozoic(1.11 Ga)Umkondo large igneous province(LIP)in southern Africa and Antarctica was emplaced in＜5 Myr and is dominated by low-Ti tholeiitic doleritic-gabbroic sills.It is of particular interest because it is the least studied LIP in southern Africa with both sublithospheric and lithospheric mantle sources proposed and it coincides with the early assembly of Rodinia,so it has importance in understanding the nature of magmatism and tectonics in and around the Kalahari craton during the Mesoproterozoic.In this study,we compiled a large database of existing(～750)and new(～100)major and trace element data for the Umkondo province,as well as 42 new Sr-Nd isotopic measurements,to provide constraints on its magma sources and geochemical evolution.Major element compositional vari-ations in the low-Ti tholeiites are explained by low-pressure(1 kbar)three-phase fractional crystallisa-tion(olivine,clinopyroxene and plagioclase)of a parent magma with～10 wt.％MgO in oxidising conditions(QFM+1).Inverse models show that the low-Ti tholeiitic magmas were derived as residual melts after the crystallization of 12％-33％olivine from primary komatiitic-basaltic magmas(up to～20 wt.％MgO)in equilibrium with mantle olivine(Fo90).Low Sm/Yb and TiO2/Yb-Nb/Yb indicate that the primary magmas were derived by 2％-20％ shallow(40-50 km)partial melting of spinel lherzo-lite.High Sm/Yb is restricted to dyke swarms and may imply limited magma production from deeper(up to～70 km)garnet lherzolite-like sources.The low-Ti tholeiites of the Umkondo province are enriched in large ion lithophile elements(Rb-Sr-Cs-K)and depleted in high-field strength elements(Zr-Hf-Nb-Ta),indicating the involvement of crustal material and/or the subcontinental lithospheric mantle.This is supported by covariations in Th/Nb,Nb/Yb,Nb/La and Ce/Sm with generally negative△Nb.Sr-Nd isotopes lend support to the notion that the Umkondo magmas were derived from depleted and/or enriched sublithospheric mantle sources and subsequently contaminated by enriched lithospheric material during emplacement(initial(at 1.11 Ga)87Sr/86Sr between 0.704820 and 0.737464 and εNd between-8.9 and+5.3).The Vredefort sills are significant as they display the most depleted Sr-Nd iso-topic signatures(average initial 87Sr/86Sr of 0.705342 and average εNd of 0.4)and are the least contam-inated magma suite in the Umkondo province.Because of(i)the large volume of low-Ti magmas,(ii)evidence of a primary hot and MgO-rich(komatiitic)magma,and(iii)the short duration of magma-tism,we suggest that the Umkondo province was formed by plume-induced melting of the sublitho-spheric mantle beneath the Kalahari craton in an extensional setting.This contrasts with previous suggestions that the heat source developed in response to the"thermal insulation"of the mantle beneath a thickened Kalahari craton in the absence of a mantle plume.There is further evidence from the elevated Zn/Fe that the sublithospheric mantle was lithologically heterogeneous and consisted of mixed peridotite and pyroxenite domains.There is a general lack of ultramafic cumulates in the low-Ti magma suite that may imply there was deeper ponding and storage of the primary magmas that fractionated large quan-tities of ultramafic rocks.There is also a paucity of high-Ti rocks in the Umkondo province that may reflect limited direct melting of the lithospheric mantle or that they are simply not as well-preserved in this province compared to the Karoo province.The similar trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic composi-tions of the Umkondo sills in southern Africa with the Borgmassivet sills in Antarctica support the con-cept that the Kalahari craton and Grunehogna terrane were adjoined at 1.11 Ga.The timing of the Umkondo province indicates there was localised lithospheric extension and upwelling asthenospheric mantle during a time of dominantly compressional tectonics on Earth at the end of the'boring billion'.
Umkondo large igneous provinceLow-Ti magmaContinental tholeiitesSublithospheric mantle sourcesKalahari cratonRodinia
Ben Hayes、Lewis D.Ashwal、Khulekani B.Khumalo、Linda M.Iaccheri
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School of Geosciences,University of the Witwatersrand,Johannesburg,2050,South Africa
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
维普
