Submarine groundwater discharge: An important land-ocean interaction in the coastal zone
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is recognized as an important land-ocean interaction in the coastal zone in developed areas, such as North America and Europe. However, it is ignored and seldom studied in China. The history of SGD studies spans about 10 years. Nevertheless rapid advances have been achieved with numerous quantitative results. Three methods are mainly used to estimate SGD, i. e. hydrological calculation, in-situ measurement, and geochemical tracing. Comparisons among these different methods are highly regarded in present studies. SGD is of great significance for coastal environments. It can be a pathway of land nutrients and pollutants to the coastal ocean, and thus exert some influences on water quality. It is thought that SGD should be studied in detail in China because of its long coastal line, which can contribute much to the coastal environmental management.
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