SinoProbe revealed crustal structures, deep processes, and metallogenic background within China continent
The SinoProbe,Deep Exploration in China,is a multidisciplinary Earth science research program of unprecedented scope and scientific ambition on geosciences in China.The overall aim of the SinoProbe is to reveal the composition,structure and evolution of the continental lithosphere in China.The SinoProbe executed during the years from 2008 to 2013 have successfully conducted researches and experiments on crustal and mantle exploration technologies,accumulated the abundance of experiences on deep lithosphere exploration,and significantly accelerated China's development on deep lithosphere exploration.It has collected some super-long deep seismic reflection profiles in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the South China and the Central China Orogenic Belt,the North China and the Central Asian Orogenic Belt,and Northeast China,at a total length of ca.6160 km and average depth to ca.100 km,which has exceeded the total length conducted before in China (ca.4500 km).The SinoProbe has carried out a nation wide geochemical baseline with cells of 160 km× 160 km and 78 elements,and a magnetotelluric (MT) Array by 4°×4° for the whole country and 1° × 1 ° for North China and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Some efforts have made for the 3D exploration in several ore deposit districts in eastern China,including the Lujiang-Zongyang and the Tongling ore districts in the Middle and Lower Yangtze metallogenic belt,and the Yudu-Ganxian ore district in the Nanling metallogenic belt.About 12 continental scientific drilling holes have been drilled in the Luobusha,the Jinchuan,the Yudu Ganxian,the Lu-zong,and the Tongling ore districts,and in the Tengchong volcano-tectonic belt.Two regional in-situ stress monitoring networks have been set up in the Southeastern Tibet and North China.Geodynamic modeling has been performed in different scales for the lithosphere underneath the continental China.The SinoProbe has developed a series of key instrumentations,such as the cable-free self-positioning seismic exploration system,the surface electromagnetic probe (SEP) system,the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aeromagnetic system,the super-deep (up to 10 km) continental scientific drilling (CSD) equipments,and the all-in-one software for moving platform exploration and integration.For the first time,the SinoProbe has obtained deep seismic reflection evidence for the Moho of the thick crust in the central part of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau,and for the lithospheric mantle reflection in Northeast China.The preliminary results from the MT Array observation of the SinoProbe show an abnormal electric-conductivity structure of the lithosphere underneath the Ordos Basin,providing some important evidence for the on-going destruction in western part of the North China Craton.Also,the SinoProbe has made some new understandings on the Mesozoic and Cenozoic geological evolution of the continental China,since the closure of the Central Asian and the PaleoTethys Oceans,and the Yanshan Orogenesis and the East Asian Convergence,to the closure of the NeoTethys Ocean and the India-Asian collision.
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