摘要
星间激光干涉测量技术能够实现纳米级甚至皮米级的长基线微小位移测量,在卫星导航、激光通信、地球重力场测量及空间引力波探测等领域具有重要应用价值.长基线激光干涉链路的主要技术挑战包括弱光接收、光束指向捕获和多普勒频移等问题.本文基于外差激光干涉测量原理,设计了双向激光干涉链路实验,用于模拟长基线卫星平台之间的微小位移及激光指向角度测量.该装置通过测量星间接收激光与本地参考激光的干涉相位变化,实现对星间距离以及指向角度变化的实时精密测量.该实验系统适用于本科物理实验教学,涵盖光学、电学、运动学及计量学等多个学科领域,有助于培养学生的光学系统设计、实验装置调装、误差分析和数据处理能力,并加深对激光干涉测量原理及深空探测应用的理解.
Abstract
Inter-satellite laser interferometry enables nanometer-and even picometer-level long-baseline displacement measurements,with significant application value in fields such as satellite navigation,laser communication,Earth's gravity field measurement,and space-based gravitational wave detection.The primary technical challenges of long-baseline laser interferometric links include weak light reception,beam pointing acquisition,and Doppler shift.Based on the principle of heterodyne laser interferometry,this paper designs a bidirectional laser interferometric link experiment to simulate long-baseline displacement and laser pointing angle measurements between satellite platforms.The device achieves real-time precision measurement of inter-satellite distance and pointing angle changes by measuring the interference phase shift between the received laser from the remote satellite and the local reference laser.This experimental system is suitable for undergraduate physics teaching,encompassing multiple disciplines such as optics,electronics,kinematics,and metrology.It helps students develop skills in optical system design,experimental apparatus setup,error analysis,and data processing while deepening their understanding of laser interferometry principles and its applications in deep-space exploration.
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