光电效应实验中影响电流的因素之分析
Analysis of Factors Affecting Current in Photoelectric Effect Experiments
张智明 1何珊 2刘军浩3
作者信息
- 1. 广东理工学院 广东省大学物理实验教学示范中心 & 基础课教学研究部,广东 肇庆 526100;华南师范大学信息光电子科技学院,广东 广州 510006
- 2. 广东理工学院 广东省大学物理实验教学示范中心 & 基础课教学研究部,广东 肇庆 526100
- 3. 广东轻工职业技术学院 公共课教学部,广东 广州 510300
- 折叠
摘要
根据光的量子理论,发生光电效应的必要条件是入射光的频率大于阈值频率.当此条件满足时,逸出电子的通量取决于入射光子的通量.当入射光的频率大于阈值频率,且入射光子的通量一定时,逸出电子的通量就是一定的.然而,并非所有这些电子都能到达阳极形成电流.本文首先分析了在逸出电子通量一定的条件下影响电流的物理因素,结果表明,影响电流的主要因素是外加正向电压U和电子的逸出角θ0(逸出电子的初速度与光电管轴向之间的夹角).然后利用作图模拟的方法,具体考查了U和θ0 对电流的影响,结论表明:对一定θ0 的电子,只有当U大于某个临界值时才能到达阳极对电流作出贡献;而对一定的U,只有θ0 小于某个临界值的电子才能到达阳极对电流作出贡献.
Abstract
According to the quantum theory of light,the necessary condition for the photoelectric effect is that the frequency of the incident light is greater than the threshold frequency.When this condition is satisfied,the flux of the escaped electrons depends on the flux of the incident photon.When the frequency of the incident light is greater than the threshold frequency,and the flux of the incident photon is definite,the flux of the escaped electrons is also definite.However,not all of these escaped electrons reach the anode to form a current.In this paper,the physical factors affecting the current under a certain escaped electrons flux are analyzed.The results show that the main factors affecting the current are the applied forward voltage and the electron escape angle(the angle between the initial velocity of the escaped electron and the axial direction of the phototube).Then by using the graphing method,we examined the influences of θ0 and U in detail,and the conclusions show that,for an electron with a certain θ0,it can reach the anode and contribute to the current only when U is greater than a certain critical value.While for a certain U,only those electrons with θ0 less than a certain critical value can reach the anode and contribute to the current.
关键词
光电效应/电流/正向电压/逸出角Key words
photoelectric effect/current/forward voltage/escape angle引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据