Chemical Characterization of Shallow Groundwater in Northern Henan Plain Based on Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Groundwater is an important source for industry and agriculture in the northern Henan Plain.To investigate the spatial distribution,causes,and main factors influencing groundwater quality,660 groundwater samples were collected in the northern Henan Plain.Using water chemistry analysis and mathematical statistics,it was concluded that the TDS values of groundwater in the study area range from 170.02 to 6 970.30 mg/L.78％of the groundwater were freshwater,prevailed by HCO3-Ca·Mg and HCO3·Cl-Ca·Mg,and 22％were brackish and saline,with anions dominated by Cl-SO4 and cations dominated by Ca2+and Mg2+.From northwest to southeast,the groundwater salinity gradually increased,and brackish water was spread in strips along the Weihe River.Principal component analysis revealed five major components governing the groundwater quality,including(1)dissolution of carbonates,silicates and gypsum minerals in aquifers,(2)industrial pollution,(3)agricultural pollution,(4)primary geological contamination due to dissolved manganese,fluorine and iron minerals as well as(5)concentration caused by evaporation.Based on the principal component score,groundwater in the region investigated was mainly influenced by water-rock action.Primary geological contamination was present in certain areas,while in the urban periphery,groundwater was mainly influenced by anthropogenic pollution.The contaminated groundwater was scattered.
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