首页|祁连山南麓露天矿区高寒草地植被生态系统稳定性研究——以青海木里-聚乎更矿区为例

祁连山南麓露天矿区高寒草地植被生态系统稳定性研究——以青海木里-聚乎更矿区为例

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高寒草原矿区生态安全问题一直备受关注,开展高寒草原矿区植被生态系统稳定性研究,能够深刻揭示露天采矿活动及其生态修复工程对高寒草原矿区植被生态系统的影响.以祁连山南麓青海木里-聚乎更矿区为研究区,通过分析煤矿开采前至修复完成后2002-2022年共9期Landsat遥感影像,基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据的网格化处理,以NDVI的均值(μ)、均方差(a)和相对涨落值(δ)3个植被稳定性指数为依据,开展煤矿露天开采与整治修复过程对矿区植被生态系统稳定性的影响研究,揭示煤矿开采前至修复治理后全生命周期矿区植被生态系统变异性与稳定性特征,并对比两次生态修复的效果.结果表明:①矿区天然草地背景区植被生态系统处于宏观稳定状态,NDVI相对涨落值δ<0.45;②与天然草地背景区相比,煤矿开采后矿区NDVI相对涨落值明显增加,与背景区阈值的差值可达0.97,说明矿区植被生态系统失稳;③2015-2017年第一次修复治理后,矿区NDVI相对涨落值未能有效降低,该值范围为0.28~1.10,覆土+人工建植在高寒草原矿区修复效果不显著;④2020-2022年第二次修复治理后,矿区植被生态系统稳定性明显改善,治理区NDVI相对涨落值降低至与天然草地背景区相似水平(0.07~0.59),矿区植被生态系统稳定性排序为矿区坑底平台>矿区矿坑斜坡>矿区渣山;⑤土壤改良显著提高了各地形条件下植被生态系统的稳定性,促进植被正向演替,地形是影响矿区植被生态恢复的主要因子,可通过优化矿区渣山与阴坡斜坡的治理措施来进一步提升矿山受损植被生态系统的恢复效率.研究成果可为我国高寒草原矿区的资源合理开发和生态建设提供科学依据.
Stability of the alpine grassland vegetation ecosystem in open-pit mining area at the southern Qilian Mountains——A case study in Muli-Juhugeng mining area,Qinghai Province
The ecological security issues in alpine grassland mining areas have always been of great concern.Conducting research on the stability of vegetation ecosystems in alpine grassland mining areas can deeply reveal the impact of open-pit mining activities and ecological restoration projects on the vegetation ecosys-tems in alpine grassland mining areas.Taking the Qinghai Muli-Juhugeng mining area at the southern foot of the Qilian Mountains as the research area,a total of nine Landsat remote sensing images from 2002-2022 were analyzed from before coal mining to after restoration.Grid processing was based on normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)data,with NDVI mean(μ)、mean square deviation(σ)and relative fluc-tuations(δ).Based on three vegetation stability indices,a study was conducted on the impact of open-pit coal mining and remediation processes on the stability of alpine grassland vegetation ecosystems in mining areas.The study revealed the variability and stability characteristics of alpine grassland vegetation ecosys-tems throughout the entire life cycle from coal mining to remediation,and compared the effectiveness of two ecological remediation processes.The higher the relative fluctuation value,the more unstable the vege-tation ecosystem is.If the relative fluctuation value continues to exceed the background threshold,the vege-tation ecosystem is unstable.The results are as follows:①The vegetation system in the natural grassland background area of the mining area is in a macro stable state,with the NDVI relative fluctuation value δ<0.45;②Compared with the background area,the relative fluctuation of NDVI in the mining area has signif-icantly increased after coal mining,with a difference of up to 0.97 compared to the background area,indica-ting the instability of the vegetation ecosystem in the mining area;③After the first restoration and control in 2015-2017,the relative fluctuation of NDVI in the mining area is not effectively reduced by 0.28<δ<1.10,and the restoration effect of soil covering and artificial planting in alpine grassland areas is not signifi-cant;④After the second restoration and control from 2020-2022,the stability of the vegetation ecosystem in the mining area has significantly improved,and the relative fluctuation value of the control area has de-creased to a level similar to that of the background area(δ=0.07-0.59),and the stability order of the veg-etation ecosystem in the mining area is:pit bottom>pit slope>slag mountain in the mining area;⑤Soil im-provement has significantly improved the stability of vegetation ecosystems under various terrain condi-tions,promoting positive vegetation succession.Terrain is the main factor affecting the ecological restora-tion of vegetation in mining areas.By optimizing the management measures of abandoned hills and shaded slopes,the restoration efficiency of damaged vegetation ecosystems in mining areas can be further im-proved.The results can provide a scientific basis for the rational development and ecological construction of alpine grassland mining areas in China.

alpine meadowstability of vegetation ecosystemanalysis of spatiotemporal data seriesnormal-ized difference vegetation indexrelative fluctuationMuli-Juhugeng mining area

陈峰、杨利亚、冯海波、周建伟、熊瑞民、朱怡

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中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北 武汉 430078

自然资源部矿山生态效应与系统修复重点实验室,北京 100081

中国地质大学(武汉)地理与信息工程学院,湖北 武汉 430078

中国地质大学(武汉)地质调查研究院,湖北 武汉 430074

中国地质大学(武汉)艺术与传媒学院,湖北武汉 430074

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高寒草地 植被生态系统稳定性 时空数据序列分析 植被归一化指数 相对涨落值 木里-聚乎更矿区

自然资源部矿山生态效应与系统修复重点实验室开放基金项目

MEER-2022-04

2024

安全与环境工程
中国地质大学

安全与环境工程

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子:1.03
ISSN:1671-1556
年,卷(期):2024.31(1)
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