首页|变克拉通化对盆地构造—沉积—油气成藏作用的响应:以阿富汗—塔吉克盆地为例

变克拉通化对盆地构造—沉积—油气成藏作用的响应:以阿富汗—塔吉克盆地为例

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阿富汗—塔吉克盆地位于北特提斯构造域北缘,帕米尔突刺构造带的西侧,内部发育伴随盐构造的滑脱产生的断褶相间的独特构造地质现象,与塔里木盆地一样被称为"变克拉通化".本文综合利用阿富汗—塔吉克盆地的地震地质资料、油气田资料,结合盆地地表及地下的构造—地层沉积类型和样式,分析盆地的构造演化特征,旨在为油气勘探的"盐相关构造"领域研究提供科学参考.研究表明,从地层结构格架来看,上侏罗统的膏盐岩作为区域性的滑脱面,控制了阿富汗—塔吉克盆地盐上、盐下两套构造层系的冲断变形,盐上构造层系属盐丘构造系统,平面上具有线形构造形态,而盐下构造层系大部分为断层滑脱褶皱的构造样式.阿富汗—塔吉克盆地在晚古生界基底之上存在3期构造运动:弧后伸展环境(中二叠世—三叠纪)、台地稳定沉积时期(侏罗纪—古近纪)、喜马拉雅造山期挤压阶段(渐新世末至今).盆地因盐构造滑脱作用和岩层间滑移作用产生多套区域滑脱面,形成复背斜、复向斜、构造楔等多种构造样式,盆内挤压变形的最小缩短率约为13%.已发现的含油气区多位于复向斜带的隆起区,下侏罗统、下白垩统、始新统的页岩和泥质碳酸盐岩为烃源岩,白垩系碎屑岩、古近系碳酸盐岩为储集岩层,白垩系膏盐岩和始新统的区域性页岩为封盖层,发育盐下、盐上两套成藏组合,形成断背斜、地层岩性生物礁等圈闭,具有广阔的油气勘探潜力.
Implications of the metacraton to tectonic-sedimentary-hydrocarbon accumulation processes in the basin:Case study of the Afghanistan-Tajik Basin
Afghanistan-Tadzhikistan Basin,located in the northern margin of the North Tethyan tectonic collision orogeny,west of the Pamir salient.The basin is well known by salt tectonics,characterizing with detachment faults and folds which developed along unique internal geological structures,and there,hydrocarbon reservoirs have been found.In this study,with the utilization of seismic,geological data,and hydrocarbon industrial data in the Afghanistan-Tadzhikistan Basin,we reinterpreted the seismic cross-sections,combined the surface as well as the underground structural-sedimentary features.Because of the salt structures and interlayer detachment,two or three structural bodies were produced,and a variety of complex structural styles were formed such as salt-related anticline,syncline folds and reverse faults.The tectonic evolution of the basin was analyzed,and further hydrocarbon geology was discussed,which were intended for the future exploration and at the same time providing a theory basis.This research shows that the sedimentary cover above the"Hercynian"(Upper Paleozoic)basement is comprised of three major super-sequences:1)the"transitional complex"in the backarc extension environment;2)the stable deposits of the"platform complex";3)the"molasse deposition"during the Alpine compressional phase caused by the India-Eurasia collision.Hydrocarbon in the basin was produced from the prolific pre-salt Lower-Middle Jurassic shales,Eocene/Aptian-Albian shales and argillaceous carbonates hydrocarbon,stored within Cretaceous clastic rocks,Paleogene carbonates,and sealed by Cretaceous regional salt rock and Eocene shale.As a result,they are attributable to two petroleum systems:"the pre-salt system"and"the post-salt system",forming fault related anticline traps,lithology reef traps and others,with a great potential for oil and gas exploration.

Afghanistan-Tadzhikistan BasinSeismic profilesStructure evolutionHydrocarbon geologyMetacraton

张艺琼、计智锋、尹微、鲁兵、姜仁、何登发、李智

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中国石油勘探开发研究院 北京 100083

中国石油(塔吉克斯坦)博格达公司 北京 100083

中国地质大学能源学院 北京 100083

中国石化深部地质与资源重点实验室 北京 102206

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阿富汗—塔吉克盆地 构造样式 形成演化 油气地质 变克拉通

中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项

2023ZZ07

2024

地质科学
中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所

地质科学

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子:0.79
ISSN:0563-5020
年,卷(期):2024.59(3)