Spectral imaging technology can obtain both spatial and chemical information of samples.It is a powerful tool to study complex biological samples.Due to non-invasive and non-destructive advantages,spectral imaging technology has attracted great attention in the fields of food and agricultural product detection,biomedical and environmental detection.With the development of imaging technology,the performance of spectral imaging technology in imaging speed,number of bands,spectral resolution,spatial resolution,and other aspects has been greatly improved.Spatial resolution can even break the diffraction limit to realize the super-resolution level.This review summarized the basic principles and performance of several major spectral imaging technologies,including Raman spectroscopy,infrared spectroscopy,and near-infrared spectroscopy.Special attention was paid on the latest application of these technologies in the fields of plant cell wall and wood research,cellular structure and composition visualization,biological and abiotic stress detection,and non-destructive measurement of seeds.The development potential of these technologies was summarized,which can provide theoretical references for the further development and application of spectral imaging technologies in the field of plant research in the future.