In situ TEM study on mechanism of sodium storage in antimony selenide
The antimony-based material,Sb2Se3,has garnered significant attention due to its outstanding properties,including high theoretical capacity,low operating voltage and high electronic conductivity,making it a promising anode material for large-scale sodium-ion batteries.This study utilized in situ transmission electron microscopy techniques to explore the microstructural evolution of Sb2Se3 single crystals during the sodiation process.It provided a detailed examination of the reaction mechanism and investigated the electrochemical-mechanical coupling behavior at the reaction interface.During sodiation,Sb2Se3 underwent several reaction stages,including insertion,conversion,and alloying,with the final products identified as Na2Se and Na3Sb.In-situ experiments revealed that the migration rate of Na+at the surface-interface was significantly faster than in the bulk,leading to a concave amorphous-crystalline interface.Finite element analysis further suggested that this concave interfacial geometry helped alleviate mechanical failure during the electrochemical process.Additionally,the presence of dislocations and lattice distortions near the interface aided in stress relaxation,thereby enhancing structural stability during sodiation.These findings provide insights into the atomic-level mechanisms during the sodiation process of Sb2Se3 and offer a crucial theoretical foundation for the advancement of antimony-based materials for sodium batteries.
all solid-state sodium-ion batterySb2Se3in situ transmission electron microscopy
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