俄罗斯私营军事公司对国际安全的影响:起源、现状与未来
蔺陆洲1
作者信息
- 1. 北京外国语大学区域与全球治理高等研究院
- 折叠
摘要
以瓦格纳集团为代表的私营军事公司作为俄罗斯实施混合战争的主要载体,是影响国际安全的一支重要力量.通过历史回顾和特征辨识可以发现,俄罗斯私营军事公司的诞生得到了官方的大力扶持,构建起由行业协会、私营企业、武装团体组成的复杂安全雇佣关系网络.俄罗斯国内环境和国际局势的变化使得私营军事公司快速发展.俄罗斯私营军事公司在欧亚、西亚、非洲等地区十分活跃,参与多类军事安全行动,利用"冲突矿产"构建了"军事安全-资源贸易"的商业模式,呈现出军事实力扩张、经济收益多样、意识形态稳定、组织形式灵活、自主偏好增强的特点,正在从"协会-私营企业-武装团体"的关系网络向"军事-经济"的政治复合实体转变.俄罗斯私营军事公司的活动对国际安全产生了重要的结构性影响,不仅刺激大国博弈、加剧地区动荡,而且威胁到俄罗斯国家政权自身的稳定.瓦格纳集团的叛乱没有改变俄罗斯私营军事公司的业务特征和发展趋势,对其未来变化需要加以密切关注.
Abstract
Private military companies,represented by the Wagner Group,serve as the main vehicles for Russia's implementation of hybrid warfare and are a significant force affecting international security.Historical review and characteristic identification reveal that the emergence of Russian private military companies was heavily supported by the government,creating a complex network of security employment relationships consisting of industry associations,private enterprises,and armed groups.Changes in Russia's domestic environment and international situations have facilitated the rapid development of these companies.Russian private military companies are highly active in regions such as Eurasia,West Asia,and Africa,participating in various military and security operations.They have established a"military security-resource trade"business model utilizing"conflict minerals",showcasing characteristics of military expansion,diversified economic gains,ideological stability,flexible organizational forms,and increased preference for autonomy.They are transitioning from a network of"associations-private enterprises-armed groups"to a"military-economic"political composite entity.The activities of Russian private military companies have had a significant structural impact on international security,not only stimulating great power games and exacerbating regional instability but also threatening the stability of the Russian state regime itself.The Wagner Group's mutiny has not altered the operational characteristics and development trends of Russian private military companies.Their future changes require close attention.
关键词
俄罗斯私营军事公司/混合战争/冲突矿产/瓦格纳集团Key words
Russian Private Military Companies/Hybrid Warfare/Conflict Minerals/Wagner Group引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据