After the Ukrainian crisis escalated in 2022,the United States and EU countries imposed large-scale sanctions on Russia,covering multiple fields such as diplomacy,finance,energy,trade,technology and defense.Although the Russian-Ukrainian conflict continues,the Russian economy has not collapsed as expected by the United States and some Western countries.From the direct goal of the sanctions,the United States and Europe hope to significantly weaken Russia's economic foundation and ability to wage war,thereby reducing its chances of winning on the battlefield.Obviously,this goal has not been achieved.As a powerful diplomatic tool,the effectiveness of economic sanctions depends on a high degree of multilateral cooperation and an interdependent economic globalization network.The impact of economic sanctions is not limited to the economic capabilities of the target country,but also involves the reshaping of the global political and economic order.The sanctions and counter-games between the United States,Europe and Russia over the Ukrainian issue have not only led to a reshuffle of the global energy market,prompted Russia's foreign trade system to shift to the global South and emerging economies,but also triggered international concerns about the weaponization of global financial products.Summarizing the effects and experience of the sanctions imposed by the United States and Europe on Russia after the Ukrainian crisis and Russia's counter-sanctions,we can gain some inspiration and lessons from them.
Ukraine crisisU.S.and EU sanctions on RussiaRussia's counter-sanctionsMultilateral cooperation
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