This paper focuses on the reform of Russia's veterans affairs system in the context of new challenges.By analyzing recent reforms in areas such as medical care,social welfare,and employment training for veterans,the paper explores the underlying background,core principles,motivations,objectives,processes,and content of these reforms,while also assessing their effectiveness and shortcomings.Under the logic of"exchanging rights for loyalty",Russia has gradually improved its social security system for veterans through a combination of legislative protection and state responsibility,aiming to enhance the social status and welfare of veterans and increase the attractiveness of military service as a career.In the context of the Russo-Ukrainian conflict,Russia has implemented special preferential policies for veterans who participated in the conflict,aiming to improve their welfare benefits and employment prospects.However,the reform of Russia's veterans affairs system faces challenges,such as limited employment opportunities,insufficiently targeted education and training,and underdeveloped mechanisms for protecting veterans'rights.The experiences and lessons from Russia's reforms provide valuable insights for improving veterans affairs management in China.