After the latest round of expansion,the BRICS mechanism has embarked on a new journey of greater BRICS cooperation.Compared with the past,the greater BRICS cooperation demonstrates more distinct characteristics in terms of member diversity,industrial complementarity,and effective coordination.It offers new approaches to addressing collective action challenges within the BRICS framework through its principles,actions,and institutional arrangements.Specifically,voluntary membership ensures inclusiveness in greater BRICS cooperation's guiding principles,informal dialogues enhance the flexibility of its actions,and gradual expansion maintains the stability of its mechanism.Moreover,greater BRICS cooperation balances shared and inclusive interests,creating positive outcomes while avoiding negative effects.It aims to promote joint development through its own growth,providing important insights for building a more inclusive,adaptive,and sustainable international cooperation mechanism.As a representative example of international cooperation,the practice of greater BRICS cooperation has become a source of innovation for international cooperation theories.
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