On the Sentence-Final Particle[le(∨)]咧in Qishi Dialect in Dongguan City,Guangdong Province
The sentence-final particles[le(∨)]咧 and[ni(¬)]呢in Qishi dialect in Dongguan city,Guangdong province,are the counterparts of ne呢in Putonghua.[le(∨)]咧can be divided into[le(∨)]咧1 and[le(∨)]咧 2,of which the former is a temporal and agent-oriented particle conveying the aspectual meaning of durative states.[le(∨)]咧2 is a modal and speaker-oriented particle indicating affirmative and argumentative mood.[le(∨)]咧1and[le(∨)]咧2 occur at different syntactic levels and[le(∨)]咧2 is grammaticalized from[le(∨)]咧1.
Qishi town in Dongguan city in Guangdong provinceYue dialectsentence-final particle[le(∨)]咧[ni(¬)]呢grammaticalization