On the Etymology of the Passive Markers in Huangxiao Cluster of Jianghuai Mandarin
The passive markers in Huangxiao cluster of Jianghuai Mandarin include jin 尽,deng等,zhuo着,tuo驮,ba 把 and bade 把得,which semantically bare the meaning of CAUSE,SUFFER and GIVE.On the basis of the meaning of END and WAIT,jin尽and deng等evolve to passive markers from causative verbs.Zhuo 着 and tuo 驮 evolved from attaching and bearing verbs to passive markers through verbs with the meaning of SUFFER.Ba 把 and bade 把得 have undergone the causativization of GIVE verbs and the passivization of causative verbs.Some of the above functions are derived from ancient Chinese,while others are the innovative development of Huangxiao cluster,Jianghuai Mandarin.
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