摘要
《宝星陀罗尼经》是晚期大乘佛教非常流行的经典之一,巴基斯坦吉尔吉特、阿富汗巴米扬和中国新疆地区发现的多个梵文残片是该经流行的证据之一.在汉传佛教传统中,《宝星陀罗尼经》最早作为《大方等大集经》的一品由昙无谶译出,后又有唐代波罗颇蜜多罗的单行本流通.在藏传佛教传统中,《宝星陀罗尼经》一般被认为是藏文创制者吞米·桑布扎从印度携归的大乘经典之一,近些年发现的单独流通的多个藏文写本也说明了该经的流行程度.本文通过分析该经的经题、咒语,以及巴基斯坦吉尔吉特《宝星陀罗尼经》梵文写本跋文、美国纽瓦克郡立博物馆所藏《宝星陀罗尼经》藏译写本跋文和中国西藏阿里地区的《宝星陀罗尼经》藏译写本跋文,旨在加深对《宝星陀罗尼经》的理解,以及该经在沟通显密、佛教仪轨和佛教信仰方面的影响.
Abstract
The Ratnaketuparivarta is one of the most popular Mahāyāna texts from the late period of Mahāyāna Buddhism.Many Sanskrit fragments from Gilgit,Bamiyan,and Central Asia,verify its popularity in history.In the tradition of Chinese Buddhism,the Ratnaketuparivarta is at first embedded in the Mahāyāna Buddhist collection of the Mahāvaipulya-mahāsamnipātasūtra,and translated by Dharmaksema.Later,as an independent text,it is translated again by Prabhākaramitra during the Tang dynasty.According to Tibetan Buddhist sources,the Ratnaketuparivarta is one of the Mahāyāna texts brought back from India to Xizang,China by Thonmi Sambhota(who invented the Tibetan Script)in the early-to-mid-7th century CE.Recently discovered Tibetan manuscripts that were circulated independently also attest to its popularity.This paper analyses the title and mantras of the text.I especially examine the different colophons which are preserved not only in the Gilgit Sanskrit manuscripts,but also in the Tibetan manuscripts,(now housed in the Newark Museum,USA,and in Western Xizang,China).Through such analysis,this paper aims at deepening our understand of the Ratnaketuparivarta,especially the text's influence on communicating exoteric and esoteric Buddhism,Buddhist ritual and the aspects of Buddhism as cult.
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