涉罪精神病人实质性辨认能力的理论阐释
Theoretical Interpretation of Substantial Cognitive Capacity of Mentally Ill Persons Involved in Crimes
蒋鹏飞1
作者信息
摘要
在我国刑事诉讼中,鉴定人常规性采用实质性辨认能力的术语及判断标准,对刑事责任能力进行评定,司法人员对此予以高度尊重.这是我国处理精神病人涉罪案件的鲜明特色.但是,实质性辨认能力的含义及其与辨认能力的关系,存在一定的争议,同时有学者主张否定实质性辨认能力丧失的应有法律意义.对此,应当从量与质、现象与本质、形式与实质辩证统一的角度理解实质性辨认能力及其丧失的内涵.涉罪精神病人因受到病理性精神症状的支配,虽然在表面上可"认识"其行为的规范属性,但在本质上对此不能"理解",即为丧失实质性辨认能力,应被评定无刑事责任能力.经过合理阐释的实质性辨认能力理论,有助于落实刑法的规范性要求、维系"不法"与"责任"二分的犯罪论逻辑,也可为司法机关妥当处理案件提供理论工具.
Abstract
In China's criminal proceedings,the appraisers routinely use the terminology and criteria of substantial cognitive capacity to assess the capacity of criminal responsibility,which is highly respected by the judicial personnel.This is a distinctive feature of handling criminal cases involving mentally ill persons in China.However,there are some controversies over the meaning of substantial cognitive capacity and its relationship with the cognitive capacity,and some scholars advocate denying the proper legal significance of substantial cognitive incapacity.The meaning of substantial capacity and incapacity should be understood from the perspective of the dialectical unity of"quantity"and"quality","phenomenon"and"essence","form"and"substance".If the mentally ill persons are dominated by pathological psychiatric symptoms,which allow them to superficially"know"the normative attributes of their actions,but deny them the possibility to"understand"them,they lose the substantial cognitive capacity.The rationally interpreted theory of substantive cognition capacity helps to implement the normative requirements of criminal law,maintains the logic of crime theory that distinguishes between"wrongdoing"and"responsibility",and provides the judiciary with a theoretical tool for the proper handling of cases.
关键词
精神病人/辨认能力/实质性辨认能力/刑事责任能力Key words
mentally ill persons/cognitive capacity/substantial cognitive capacity/criminal responsibility capacity引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据