《民法典》视域下监护人责任的解释论重构——以监护制度的辐射效应为视角
汪倪杰1
作者信息
摘要
我国《民法典》第1188条规定监护人对被监护人所致第三人损害承担无条件的替代责任,引发长久争议,应予反思.其症结在于忽视了监护制度对监护人责任的辐射效应,以及监护职责对于监护人责任构成的影响.为解决上述问题,首先,应充分顾及监护制度对于被监护人责任能力的消解作用,重新挖掘被监护人承担自己责任的可能;其次,应明确监护人责任是以违反监护职责为前提的过错责任,并通过将监护人与被监护人角色类型化明确监护职责的内容及强度;最后,应在解释论层面确立被监护人与监护人自己责任的构成要件,并与《民法典》中无意思联络数人侵权责任的分配规则保持体系融贯.
Abstract
Article 1188 of the Chinese Civil Code,which provides for the total vicarious liability of the guardian for damage caused to third parties by the ward,has given rise to a long-standing controversy and should be reflected upon.The problem lies in ignoring the spillover effect of the guardianship system on the guardian's liability and the impact of guardianship duties on the composition of the guardian's liability.In order to solve the above problems,firstly,the guardianship system should take full account of the dissolving effect of the guardianship system on the guardian's ability to assume responsibility;secondly,it should be confirmed that the guardian's liability is a fault-based liability premised on the breach of the guardianship duty,and the content and intensity of the guardianship duty should be clarified by typifying the roles of the guardian and the guardian;Finally,the constitutive elements of the guardian's and the guardian's own liability should be established at the interpretive level and consistent with the rules on the allocation of tort liability for unintentional contacts in the Chinese Civil Code.
关键词
监护人责任/监护职责/抚养义务/责任能力/过错责任Key words
guardian liability/guardianship/duty of care/duty of support/capacity to act/fault liability引用本文复制引用
基金项目
中国博士后科学基金会第68批面上资助项目(2020M681129)
2020年度上海市哲学社会科学规划项目(2020EFX001)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据