摘要
木质素作为自然界最丰富的芳香族化合物,其含碳量达 30%～40%,是制备碳纤维的优质原料.然而由于存在非晶态化学结构、低分子量、宽分子量分布和排列不良等特性,其复杂的非均质结构和固有的易絮凝特质需通过改性以克服.本文介绍了木质素的基本结构单元与特征,并在此基础上详细描述了物理混合、化学改性、生物作用等改性过程工艺条件及其对木质素结构及木质素基碳纤维的强度、电化学、过滤、透气等性能影响,并在此基础上对碳纤维在交通建筑、航空航天、生命健康及新能源等领域应用进行了拓展探讨.此外,拓展概述了木质素的定向官能团改性、绿色改性方法及改性过程表达等可行性,为木质素基碳纤维复合材料的进一步研究和开发提供思考,并推动其实现工业化应用.
Abstract
Lignin,as the most abundant aromatic compound in nature,has a carbon content of 30%-40%and is a high-quality raw material for preparing carbon fiber.However,due to the characteristics of amorphous chemical structure,low molecular weight,wide molecular weight distribution and poor arrangement,its complex hetero-geneous structure and inherent flocculation characteristics need to be overcome by modification.In this paper,the basic structural units and characteristics of lignin were introduced,and on this basis,the modification process conditions such as physical mixing,chemical modification and biological action were described in detail,and their effects on the lignin structure and the strength,electrochemistry,filtration and air permeability of lignin-based carbon fibers were also described.On this basis,the application of carbon fiber in the fields of transportation,construction,aerospace,life and health and new energy was discussed.In addition,the feasibility of directional functional group modification,green modification method and modification process expression of lignin were sum-marized,which provided thinking for further research and development of lignin-based carbon fiber composites and promoted their industrial application.
基金项目
浙江省"尖兵""领雁"科技计划项目(2022C01066)
浙江省自然科学基金项目(LTGS23C160001)
浙江科技学院省属高校基本科研业务费(2023QN048)
浙江科技学院省属高校基本科研业务费(2023JLZD006)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据