摘要
航空航天作为目前最前沿、最基础和最具影响力的科学技术研究领域,其科学研究发展水平是衡量国家科学技术创新性的重要标志.航空航天保温隔热材料作为航空航天技术发展最重要的技术支撑,如何制备出具有良好保温隔热性能和机械强度的材料对航空航天技术的发展具有重要意义.SiO2气凝胶凭借超低热导率、高孔隙率、高比表面积和超低密度等优异性能,在深空探测器、太阳能翻板、航天飞机发动机、固体火箭助推器和返回舱底座等特种工程设备材料中具有较好的应用前景.近年来,随着SiO2气凝胶研究方法与制备技术的不断发展,通过将其与具有高强度、耐高温性等功能材料进行复合,可协同提升其保温隔热和机械强度等性能,对航空航天特种工程材料发展至关重要.鉴于此,本文简述了SiO2气凝胶的发展历程,详细分析总结了SiO2气凝胶与常见氧化物、纤维增强和有机聚合物等增强材料复合形成的气凝胶复合材料在航空航天领域的研究进展,主要从SiO2气凝胶复合材料的制备方法、结构特征、保温隔热、力学性能等方面进行评述,并展望了SiO2气凝胶复合材料在该领域研究应用所存在的问题、面临的挑战和未来发展方向.
Abstract
As the most cutting-edge,basic and influential science and technology research field,the level of scientific research development is an important symbol to measure the innovation of national science and technology.However,aerospace thermal insulation materials are the most important technical support for the development of aerospace technology,and how to prepare materials with good thermal insulation properties and mechanical strength is of great significance for the development of aerospace technology.Silicon dioxide aerogel with ultra-low thermal conductivity,high porosity,high specific surface area and ultra-low density and other excellent properties,in the deep space probe,solar panels,space shuttle engines,solid rocket boosters and return capsule base and other special engineering equipment materials have a better application prospects.In recent years,with the continuous development of silica aerogel research methods and preparation technology,by compounding it with functional materials with high strength and high temperature resistance,it can synergistically enhance its properties such as thermal insulation and mechanical strength,which is crucial for the development of aerospace special engineering materials.In view of this,this paper briefly describes the development history of silica aerogel,analyzes and summarizes in detail the research progress of aerogel composites formed by compositing silica aerogel with common oxides,fiber-reinforced and organic polymers and other reinforcing materials in the field of aerospace,and mainly comments on the preparation method,structural characteristics,heat insulation,mechanical properties,etc.,and looks ahead to the problems,challenges,and future directions of the research and application of silica aerogel composites in this field.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金(41877219)
陆军勤务学院科研创新团队项目(X205071306)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据