木质素基阻燃剂改性聚氨酯保温材料的制备及性能
Preparation and properties of lignin-based flame retardant-modified polyurethane insulation materials
吴玉涛 1王冰冰 1田飞宇 1陈秀兰 2朱春锋 1徐信武1
作者信息
- 1. 南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院,林业资源高效利用协同创新中心,南京 210037
- 2. 大亚人造板集团有限公司,丹阳 212300
- 折叠
摘要
建筑保温材料的阻燃抑烟性能事关消防安全.本文基于聚磷酸铵(APP),针对其界面相容性和抑烟性能差的问题,利用碱木素(AL)、双(4-异氰酸酯基苯基)甲烷(MDI),制备了核壳结构的膨胀型阻燃剂APP@AL(APP∶MDI∶AL质量比为9∶2∶1),并应用于硬质聚氨酯(RPU)泡沫保温材料的阻燃处理(添加量25wt％).通过SEM-EDS、XPS、FTIR等方法分析APP@AL的结构及组成,采用锥形量热仪(CONE)、热重(TG)等仪器分析了阻燃抑烟性能.结果表明,APP@AL与RPU泡沫基体具有良好的界面相容性.与添加APP的RPU泡沫复合材料相比,APP@AL改性RPU泡沫复合材料的抗压强度显著提高(达31.8％),导热系数降低(7.0％);此外,CONE测试表明,平均放热速率和总放热量分别降低27.2％和24.4％,同时抑烟性能显著增强(总产烟量减少47.6％,总CO产量降低57.0％).TG分析表明,APP@AL阻燃剂的热稳定性明显高于APP,且更有助于构建稳定的残炭层.综上,木质素基膨胀型阻燃剂对RPU泡沫保温材料具备优异的阻燃抑烟作用.
Abstract
The fire retardant and smoke suppression performance of thermal insulation materials are crucial factors in ensuring building fire safety.In this study,based on ammonium polyphosphate(APP),a intumescent flame-retardant APP@AL(Mass ratio APP∶MDI∶AL=9∶2∶1)with core-shell structure was prepared by utilizing alkali lignin(AL)and bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane(MDI)for its poor interfacial compatibility and smoke suppres-sion performance,and applied to the flame-retardant treatment of rigid polyurethane(RPU)thermal insulation materials(25wt％addition).The structure and composition of APP@AL were analyzed by SEM-EDS,XPS and FTIR,and the flame retardant and smoke suppression properties were analyzed by CONE and TG instruments.The results show that APP@AL has excellent interfacial compatibility with the RPU matrix.The compressive strength of the APP@AL-modified RPU foam is significantly increased(up to 31.8％)compared with the APP-added RPU foam and the thermal conductivity is reduced(7.0％).CONE test show that mean heat release rate and total heat release are reduced by 27.2％and 24.4％,respectively,while smoke suppression is notably enhanced(47.6％reduction in total smoke production and 57.0％reduction in total CO production).TG analysis show that the thermal stability of APP@AL flame retardant is obviously higher than that of APP,and it is more beneficial to build a stable residual char layer.In conclusion,lignin-based intumescent flame retardant has excellent flame retardant and smoke suppression effect on RPU foam insulation materials.
关键词
保温材料/硬质聚氨酯泡沫/木质素基阻燃剂/核壳结构/抑烟性能/协同阻燃Key words
insulation materials/rigid polyurethane foams/lignin-based flame retardant/core-shell/smoke suppression/synergistic flame retardant引用本文复制引用
出版年
2025
NETL
NSTL
万方数据